Suchergebnisse

The events taking place in several of South Mediterranean countries since December 2010 show that multiple deprivations may be powerful drivers of political instability. Though improvements of the living conditions have been regularly principal demands along with civil and political liberties in the demonstrations, one of the main striking facts about this so-called "Arab Spring" is that poverty had not been given the same emphasis in southern Mediterranean countries during the last decades as in other areas of the developing and emerging world.Although the growing recognition that poverty is a multidimensional concept, studies of poverty in South Mediterranean countries have often been dominated by a monetary approach. However, there is a growing evidence that it is suitable to go beyond the money-metric measures of poverty and to supplement its results with other approaches that adopt a broader definition of well- being. Though poverty is only one of many causes of this "Arab Spring," we argue that it is a key feature to understand these historic events and that it is necessary to draw a detailed picture of poverty and social exclusion for each one of these countries. Moreover, if the Union for the Mediterranean succeeds in fostering economic cooperation within the Mediterranean area, the focus on the population's well-being of its southern members will deserve scrutiny in the next few years to understand the forces that will drive the Euro-Mediterranean relationships, in particular for migration issues.This book brings together recent advances on the measurement of poverty with empirical applications on South-Mediterranean countries. It introduces new tools for analyzing poverty and shows that the linkages between income and well-being are not straightforward and hinge on many determinants. It shows that the efficiency of poverty reducing policies should also be assessed on the basis of the satisfaction of non-income needs like health, education or participation in social life.

The events taking place in several of South Mediterranean countries since December 2010 show that multiple deprivations may be powerful drivers of political instability. Though improvements of the living conditions have been regularly principal demands along with civil and political liberties in the demonstrations, one of the main striking facts about this so-called "Arab Spring" is that poverty had not been given the same emphasis in southern Mediterranean countries during the last decades as in other areas of the developing and emerging world. Although the growing recognition that poverty is a multidimensional concept, studies of poverty in South Mediterranean countries have often been dominated by a monetary approach. However, there is a growing evidence that it is suitable to go beyond the money-metric measures of poverty and to supplement its results with other approaches that adopt a broader definition of well- being. Though poverty is only one of many causes of this "Arab Spring," we argue that it is a key feature to understand these historic events and that it is necessary to draw a detailed picture of poverty and social exclusion for each one of these countries. Moreover, if the Union for the Mediterranean succeeds in fostering economic cooperation within the Mediterranean area, the focus on the population's well-being of its southern members will deserve scrutiny in the next few years to understand the forces that will drive the Euro-Mediterranean relationships, in particular for migration issues. This book brings together recent advances on the measurement of poverty with empirical applications on South-Mediterranean countries. It introduces new tools for analyzing poverty and shows that the linkages between income and well-being are not straightforward and hinge on many determinants. It shows that the efficiency of poverty reducing policies should also be assessed on the basis of the satisfaction of non-income needs like health, education or participation in social life

The main goal of this paper is to test the convergence of social protection expenditures and, more specifically, to examine the incidence of the Maastricht Treaty on this process. We tested several hypotheses of convergence on 12 EU Member States between 1980 and 2000, by considering two indicators: social protection expenditure as percentage of GDP and social protection expenditure per capita. The cross sectional tests of a and ?-convergence show that, for the two indicators, these two assumptions are checked for the whole of the period. On the other hand, the period division in two sub-periods intended to locate the Maastricht effect indicates a rupture since 1993. Then, panel data estimations of conditional ?-convergence confirm the existence of a process of conditional convergence and reveal the significant role of the debt criterion of Maastricht. The coexistence of absolute and conditional ?-convergence is not incompatible. It evokes the possible idea of a European "Social Snake" rather than of a single Social Model.

Le Sénégal est confronté à de nombreux défis du développement humain, dont la sous-nutrition des enfants en âge préscolaire. Sur la base des données sénégalaises issues de l'Enquête démographique et de santé de 2005 et de 2015, nous recourons aux modèles de régressions logistiques multiniveaux afin d'identifier les déterminants individuels et contextuels du risque de sous-nutrition chronique des enfants de moins de cinq ans. Nos résultats montrent les interactions entre les caractéristiques propres aux ménages (le statut-socioéconomique du ménage ou l'éducation de la mère) et les facteurs contextuels (la disponibilité de services de base). La prise en compte de ces interactions permet de mieux cibler les politiques publiques. Classification JEL : C3, F63, J13, O55

Ce papier examine la relation entre le non-accès aux soins de santé maternels et les différents types de pauvreté au Maroc. Il a pour objectif d'identifier le(s) type(s) de pauvreté les plus adéquats pour cibler les mères confrontées à des carences en soins. Sont mobilisées l'approche de comptage des privations et la construction d'un indice de bien-être matériel basé sur les modèles de réponses aux items. Les types de pauvreté combinant le bien-être matériel et l'éducation sont plus appropriés que les mesures unidimensionnelles pour cibler les mères et améliorer l'équité d'accès aux soins de santé au Maroc. Classification JEL : C13, C25, C43, I18, I32, 055

L'émergence est polysémique et évolutive. Les disciplines qui s'y intéressent recourent à des outils méthodologiques spécifiques et à des critères différents. C'est notamment le cas en économie, en relations internationales et en géopolitique. On ne saurait considérer l'une d'entre elles comme suffisante. L'approche transversale semble incontournable pour appréhender l'émergence insérée dans la mondialisation. Classification JEL : F50, F63, N4, O0

Les indices d'actifs basés sur la possession de biens durables et les caractéristiques du logement sont très souvent utilisés comme mesure de la richesse lorsqu'aucune donnée n'est disponible sur le revenu ou les dépenses. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une approche ordinale pour estimer la richesse des ménages (individus) dès que l'on ne dispose que de données sur les actifs. L'analyse des correspondances nous permet d'obtenir un classement des corrélations entre les divers actifs et le premier facteur qui est une variable latente censée représenter le niveau de vie. Nous utilisons ensuite ce classement des corrélations des actifs pour calculer des indices d'inégalité ordinale qui ont été introduits récemment dans la littérature. Nous exploitons également l'information concernant la proportion d'individus possédant chaque type d'actifs pour calculer à nouveau des indices d'inégalité ordinale de la possession d'actifs. Notre analyse empirique, qui est basée sur des données couvrant les différents états du Mexique en 2000 et 2010, montre que la corrélation entre les indices d'inégalité ordinale dans la possession d'actifs, obtenus à partir de l'analyse des correspondances, et les indices de Gini traditionnels mesurant l'inégalité des revenus, est élevée. Cette corrélation est même plus élevée que celle qui est obtenue lorsque l'on compare ces indices de Gini et les indices d'inégalité ordinale calculés à partir de la proportion d'actifs possédés par les ménages.

This inquiry considers some effects of migration on the labour markets and
the welfare systems found in the EU-15, and from the perspectives of
sustainability of the current welfare state regimes. Our inquiry aims to
determine whether and to what extent different approaches in regulation of
migration flows between the new and old member states are compatible with
related economic and demographic findings. Within this context, our research
considers regulations affecting migration flows. Our findings suggest that
some effects of migration from the EU8+2 on the labour markets and social
protection systems found in the EU-15, both with respect to level and
structure, do indeed generate effects on migration, especially considering
whether migration is based upon economic or welfare decisions. In addition,
our inquiry considers perspectives upon restrictive versus liberal migration
policies.